Leatherback Sea Turtle Nesting – St Lucia Guide

The Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is the largest living sea turtle and one of the most extraordinary ocean migrants on Earth. Unlike other sea turtles, leatherbacks do not have a hard shell; their carapace is flexible and “leathery,” built from tough skin reinforced by thousands of tiny bone plates. For travelers researching turtle nesting South Africa, leatherbacks are a key species because they are one of the main nesting turtles protected on the remote beaches of iSimangaliso Wetland Park along the Maputaland coastline.

The protected iSimangaliso coastline is monitored through long-running conservation work that helps safeguard nesting beaches and reduce disturbance during the summer season. Visitors joining St Lucia turtle tours and guided night turtle tours access this protected coastal wilderness under strict rules, often looking for fresh tracks in the sand and, when conditions allow, observing nesting activity in a responsible way.

Leatherbacks are also famous for their specialized diet: they feed almost exclusively on jellyfish and other soft-bodied prey. This makes them vulnerable to marine pollution, because floating plastic can be mistaken for jellyfish. Understanding leatherback biology and conservation challenges strengthens awareness and supports the broader protection of sea turtles in the Western Indian Ocean.

This page provides detailed leatherback turtle information while also connecting the species to the broader iSimangaliso nesting system and the timing of turtle season for visitors planning a turtle experience from St Lucia.

Species Facts

Common Name: Leatherback - named for its unique shell which is composed of a layer of thin, tough, rubbery skin, strengthened by thousands of tiny bone plates that makes it look "leathery."

Scientific Name: Dermochelys coriacea

Average Size: 4 to 6 feet (121-183 cm). Largest recorded was almost 10 feet (305 cm) from beak to tail.

Average Weight: 550 to 1,545 pounds (250-700 kg). Largest recorded weighed 2,019 pounds (916 kg).

Diet: Mostly jellyfish and other soft-bodied animals.

Habitat: Primarily open ocean; can remain active in very cold water compared to other reptiles (as stated below).

Nesting: Often every 2–3 years (sometimes annually); nests 6–9 times per season; ~80 fertilized eggs plus smaller unfertilized eggs; incubation ~65 days.

Global Range: Widely distributed worldwide, with the greatest north-south range of all sea turtles.

Status: Critically Endangered (as stated below).

High-Authority Opening

The centre of turtle nesting South Africa is the protected Maputaland coastline within iSimangaliso Wetland Park, and St Lucia is the main access point for guided night turtle tours into this remote coastal wilderness. Leatherback turtles are one of the key nesting turtles of this region, and visitors joining St Lucia turtle tours may encounter tracks, nesting activity or hatchlings depending on timing and conditions.

Information about Leatherback turtles

Common Name: Leatherback - named for its unique shell which is composed of a layer of thin, tough, rubbery skin, strengthened by thousands of tiny bone plates that makes it look "leathery."

Scientific Name: Dermochelys coriacea

Description: Head has a deeply notched upper jaw with 2 cusps. The leatherback turtle is the only sea turtle that lacks a hard shell. Its carapace is large, elongated and flexible with 7 distinct ridges running the length of the animal. Composed of a layer of thin, tough, rubbery skin, strengthened by thousands of tiny bone plates, the carapace does not have scales, except in hatchlings. All flippers are without claws. The leatherback turtle's carapace is dark grey or black with white or pale spots, while the plastron is whitish to black and marked by 5 ridges. Hatchlings have white blotches on carapace.

Size: 4 to 6 feet (121-183 cm). The largest leatherback ever recorded was almost 10 feet (305 cm) from the tip of its beak to the tip of its tail and weighed in at 2,019 pounds (916 kg).

Weight: 550 to 1,545 pounds (250-700 kg).

Diet: Leatherback turtles have delicate, scissor-like jaws. Their jaws would be damaged by anything other than a diet of soft-bodied animals, so they feed almost exclusively on jellyfish. It is remarkable that this large, active animal can survive on a diet of jellyfish, which are composed mostly of water and appear to be a poor source of nutrients.

Habitat: Leatherback turtles are primarily found in the open ocean, as far north as Alaska and as far south as the southern tip of Africa, though recent satellite tracking research indicates that leatherbacks feed in areas just offshore. Known to be active in water below 40 degrees Fahrenheit, the only reptile known to remain active at such a low temperature.

Nesting: Nest at intervals of 2 to 3 years, though recent research has indicated they can nest every year. Nests between 6 to 9 times per season, with an average of 10 days between nestings. Lays an average of 80 fertilized eggs, the size of billiard balls, and 30 smaller, unfertilized eggs, in each nest. Eggs incubate for about 65 days. Unlike other species of sea turtles, leatherback turtle females may change nesting beaches, though they tend to stay in the same region.

Range: Most widely distributed of all sea turtles. Found world wide with the largest north and south range of all the sea turtle species. With its streamlined body shape and the powerful front flippers, a leatherback turtle can swim thousands of miles over open ocean and against fast currents.

Status: U.S. - Listed as Endangered (in danger of extinction within the foreseeable future) under the U.S. Federal Endangered Species Act. International - Listed as Critically Endangered (facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Threats to Survival: Greatest threat to leatherback sea turtles is from incidental take in commercial fisheries and marine pollution (such as balloons and plastic bags floating in the water, which are mistaken for jellyfish).

Population Estimate*: 35,860 nesting females.

Turtle Nesting in iSimangaliso Wetland Park

The Maputaland coastline inside iSimangaliso Wetland Park is where turtle nesting South Africa is concentrated. Leatherback turtles are among the main nesting species monitored on these beaches. Conservation teams monitor nesting activity and help reduce disturbance, while controlled access protects nests, tracks and the integrity of nesting habitat.

Turtle Tours from St Lucia

St Lucia turtle tours operate as guided night turtle tours during the summer nesting season. The experience typically includes travelling north into protected coastal wilderness, looking for fresh tracks in the sand and, when conditions allow, observing nesting leatherbacks while following strict conservation rules for lights, distance and behaviour.

Tour Experience (What It Feels Like)

A night turtle experience on the iSimangaliso coastline is unlike a normal wildlife drive. You are travelling through remote coastal wilderness after dark, scanning the beach for fresh tracks, listening to the surf and watching for movement in the sand. When a nesting turtle is encountered, guides follow strict protocols to minimise disturbance, allowing visitors to witness one of the most ancient and powerful natural events on the South African coastline.

Best Time to See This Turtle

October – December
Peak nesting period on the iSimangaliso coastline (leatherback nesting is often strongest earlier in season)

January – March
Hatchling period (timing varies with incubation conditions)

Where These Turtles Nest (South Africa Region)

Maputaland Coast
Bhanga Nek
Mabibi Beach
Kosi Bay
Sodwana Bay

Frequently Asked Questions

Where can you see Leatherback turtles in South Africa?
Leatherback nesting activity is associated with remote protected beaches on the Maputaland coast within iSimangaliso Wetland Park, accessed via St Lucia for guided night turtle tours in season.

When is turtle nesting season in St Lucia?
Turtle season is typically October to March, with nesting earlier and hatchlings later depending on timing and incubation.

What do Leatherback turtles eat?
Leatherbacks feed almost exclusively on jellyfish and other soft-bodied prey and have delicate jaws suited to that diet.

Why are Leatherback turtles threatened?
Major threats include incidental capture in fisheries and marine pollution such as plastic mistaken for jellyfish.

What happens on a night turtle tour?
A guided drive along remote beaches at night, searching for tracks and, when conditions allow, observing nesting activity under strict conservation rules.

Can you see hatchlings in South Africa?
Hatchlings can sometimes be seen later in the season, most often January to March depending on nesting and incubation timing.

Do Leatherbacks return to the same beach?
Leatherback females may change nesting beaches but tend to remain within the same general region.

How big can a Leatherback turtle get?
Leatherbacks can reach several hundred kilograms; the largest recorded examples are among the biggest living reptiles.

Planning a Turtle Tour in St Lucia?

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